python之更新 Tkinter GUI

在学校的计算机课上，我们必须为电影亭开发软件。我有一个概述每个屏幕基础的类(class)，然后从该类(class)中我为每个单独的屏幕制作单独的类(class)。当用户单击一个按钮时，我希望屏幕上的一堆小部件更新以显示相关信息。这是显示电影的屏幕类。

class BrowseMovies(tk.Frame): 
 
    def switchMovie(): 
        global movNum 
        movNum += 1 
        print(movNum) 
        #update the gui 
 
    def __init__(self, parent, controller): 
        tk.Frame.__init__(self,parent) 
 
        backGroundPicture = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open("Background.jpg")) 
        backGroundLabel = tk.Label(self, image=backGroundPicture, borderwidth=0) 
        backGroundLabel.image = backGroundPicture 
        backGroundLabel.place(x=0, y=0, anchor=tk.NW) 
 
        moviesLabel = tk.Label(self, text="Movies", font=("Verdana", 48), bg="#001f33", fg="red") 
        moviesLabel.place(relx=0.5, rely=0, anchor=tk.N) 
 
        middleFrame = tk.Frame(self) 
        middleFrame.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.5, anchor=tk.CENTER, height=470, width=750) 
 
        movieImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open(moviePosterLinks[movNum])) 
        movieImageLabel = tk.Label(middleFrame, image=movieImage, borderwidth=0) 
        movieImageLabel.image = movieImage 
        movieImageLabel.place(x=0, rely=0.5, anchor=tk.W) 
 
        movieTitleLabel = tk.Label(middleFrame, text=movieTitles[movNum], font=("Verdana", 20), borderwidth=0) 
        movieTitleLabel.place(x=317, y=0, anchor=tk.NW) 
 
        movieRatingsLabel = tk.Label(middleFrame, text="Rotten Tomatoes Rating: " + movieRatings[movNum], font=("Verdana", 20), borderwidth=0) 
        movieRatingsLabel.place(x=317, y=30, anchor=tk.NW) 
 
        movieRestrictionsLabel = tk.Label(middleFrame, text=movieRestrictions[movNum], font=("Verdana", 20), borderwidth=0) 
        movieRestrictionsLabel.place(x=317, y=60, anchor=tk.NW) 
 
        movieDirectorsLabel = tk.Label(middleFrame, text="Director: " + movieDirectors[movNum], font=("Verdana", 20), borderwidth=0) 
        movieDirectorsLabel.place(x=317, y=90, anchor=tk.NW) 
 
        movieGenresLabel = tk.Label(middleFrame, text="Genre: " + movieGenres[movNum], font=("Verdana", 20), borderwidth=0) 
        movieGenresLabel.place(x=317, y=120, anchor=tk.NW) 
 
        returnButton = tk.Button(self, text="Return to Main Menu", bg="#4db8ff", fg="black", 
                           command=lambda: controller.show_frame(StartPage)) 
        returnButton.place(relx=1, rely=1, anchor=tk.SE) 
 
        changeButton = tk.Button(self, text="Switch to next movie", command=lambda: BrowseMovies.switchMovie(controller)) 
        changeButton.place(relx=1, rely=0.5, anchor=tk.E) 

当我调用 switchMovies 函数时，movNum 变量(代表当前选定的电影)会更新，但是 gui 保持空闲状态，我如何让它更新以显示新信息？

*********/****编辑****/********

现在按照建议为模板“Window”类添加代码。

class Window(tk.Tk): 
 
def __init__(self): 
    tk.Tk.__init__(self) 
 
    self.title("Movie Kiosk") 
    self.attributes("-fullscreen", True) 
    self.resizable(width=False, height=False) 
 
    container = tk.Frame(self) 
    container.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=1) 
    container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1) 
    container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1) 
 
    self.frames = {} 
 
    for f in (StartPage, CheckOut, BrowseMovies, BrowseSnacks): 
        frame = f(container, self) 
        self.frames[f] = frame 
        frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew") 
 
    self.show_frame(StartPage) 

请您参考如下方法:

我建议使用更简单的名称，不要使用多余的“电影”和“标签”。但无论如何，由于可以从电影编号设置标签，因此定义更新标签的方法，并将其用于初始设置。我假设在您发布的代码之前将 movNum 初始化为 0。换句话说，

class BrowseMovies(tk.Frame): 
    ... 
    def __init__(self, parent, controller): 
        ... 
        title = tk.Label(middleFrame, font=("Verdana", 20), borderwidth=0) 
        ... 
        self.update_labels()  # after all labels defined 
        ... 
    def update_labels(self): 
        self.title['text'] = movieTitles[movNum] 
        ... # similar  for other titles 

然后当 movNum 改变时也调用 update_labels。