假设我有以下类,灵感来自 Django 文档:
class SimpleMiddleware(object): def __ init__(self, get_response): self.get_response = get_response def __call__(self, request): response = self.get_response(request) return response def process_view(self, request, view_func, view_args, view_kwargs): return None
在阅读 Daniel Rubio 的书“Beginning Django”时,他解释说执行顺序是:
__ init __方法触发(在服务器启动时)__ call __方法触发(针对每个请求)- 如果声明,
process_view()方法被触发 - View方法以
__ call __中的self.get_response(request)语句开始
“__ call __ 触发方法(在每次请求时)”到底是什么意思? “触发”__ call __ 方法实际上不会自动触发“self.get_respone(request)”,从而调用另一个中间件或类吗?
Django 文档指出:
process_view()is called just before Django calls the view.`
对我来说,这意味着 Django 检查 'SimpleMiddleware' 类的实例是否包含方法 'process_view()' 然后触发它,在继续调用“调用 View ”的 __ call __() 方法之前?否则,如果 __ call __ 方法被立即触发,不会因为 __ call __ 方法调用而遗漏 'process_view()' View (或下一个中间件)?
有人可以帮我理解执行过程吗? Django 如何解决这个问题?
谢谢
请您参考如下方法:
你搞混了 old style (django 1.10 之前)和 new style中间件。新样式如下所示:
class SimpleMiddleware:
def __init__(self, get_response):
self.get_response = get_response
# One-time configuration and initialization.
def __call__(self, request):
# do stuff with request
response = self.get_response(request)
# do stuff with request and/or response
return response
旧式的等价物是:
class SimpleMiddleware:
def process_request(self, request):
# do stuff with request
def process_response(self, request, response):
# do stuff with request and/or response
为了更容易将旧代码移植到新的做事方式,django 添加了 MiddlewareMixin ( source ):
class MiddlewareMixin:
def __init__(self, get_response=None):
self.get_response = get_response
super().__init__()
def __call__(self, request):
response = None
if hasattr(self, 'process_request'):
response = self.process_request(request)
response = response or self.get_response(request)
if hasattr(self, 'process_response'):
response = self.process_response(request, response)
return response
现在,对于旧式中间件,您所要做的就是让它们成为这个混入的子类。但通常,新型中间件本身并不具有或不需要 process_... 方法。但是例如:
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
class SimpleMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):
def process_request(self, request):
# do stuff with request
def process_response(self, request, response):
# do stuff with request and/or response
将在两个世界中工作。
