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python之可以对顶级类(class)进行 pickle 和 unpickled(文档有误吗)

2025年05月04日29yyy_WW

下面链接的文档似乎说可以 pickle 顶级类及其实例。但基于我之前的回答 question这似乎不正确。在我发布的脚本中,pickle 接受类对象并写入一个文件,但这没有用。

这是我的问题:这个文档是错误的,还是有一些我不明白的更微妙的地方?此外,在这种情况下,pickle 是否应该生成某种错误消息?

https://docs.python.org/2/library/pickle.html#what-can-be-pickled-and-unpickled ,

The following types can be pickled:

  • None, True, and False
  • integers, long integers, floating point numbers, complex numbers
  • normal and Unicode strings
  • tuples, lists, sets, and dictionaries containing only picklable objects
  • functions defined at the top level of a module
  • built-in functions defined at the top level of a module
  • classes that are defined at the top level of a module ( my bold )
  • instances of such classes whose dict or the result of calling getstate() > is picklable (see section The pickle protocol for details).

请您参考如下方法:

创建一个定义在模块顶层的类:

foo.py:

class Foo(object): pass 

然后运行一个单独的脚本,

脚本.py:

import pickle 
import foo 
 
 
with open('/tmp/out.pkl', 'w') as f: 
    pickle.dump(foo.Foo, f) 
 
del foo 
 
with open('/tmp/out.pkl', 'r') as f: 
    cls = pickle.load(f) 
 
print(cls) 

打印

<class 'foo.Foo'> 

请注意,pickle 文件 out.pkl 仅包含 strings,它们命名定义模块和类的名称。它不存储类的定义:

cfoo 
Foo 
p0 
. 

因此,在 unpickling 时定义模块 foo 必须包含类的定义。如果从定义模块中删除该类

del foo.Foo 

然后你会得到错误

AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'Foo'