python之Gunicorn 不会用 WSGI 运行 Django

我正在尝试使用 gunicorn 运行我的 django 项目但出现错误。 为了测试，我通过运行以下命令创建了所有新内容:

virtualenv test_gunicorn 
source test_gunicorn/bin/activate 
pip install django gunicorn 
cd test_gunicorn/ 
mkdir projects 
cd projects/ 
django-admin startproject test_gunicorn 
cd test_gunicorn/ 
gunicorn test_gunicorn/wsgi:application 

但仍然出现与我在原始项目中遇到的完全相同的错误。以下是错误:

[2015-07-13 14:22:33 +0000] [9122] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 19.3.0 
[2015-07-13 14:22:33 +0000] [9122] [INFO] Listening at: http://127.0.0.1:8000 (9122) 
[2015-07-13 14:22:33 +0000] [9122] [INFO] Using worker: sync 
[2015-07-13 14:22:33 +0000] [9127] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 9127 
[2015-07-13 14:22:33 +0000] [9127] [ERROR] Exception in worker process: 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
  File "/home/tahir/official/virtualenvs/test_gunicorn/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 507, in spawn_worker 
    worker.init_process() 
  File "/home/tahir/official/virtualenvs/test_gunicorn/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 118, in init_process 
    self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi() 
  File "/home/tahir/official/virtualenvs/test_gunicorn/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi 
    self.callable = self.load() 
  File "/home/tahir/official/virtualenvs/test_gunicorn/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 65, in load 
    return self.load_wsgiapp() 
  File "/home/tahir/official/virtualenvs/test_gunicorn/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 52, in load_wsgiapp 
    return util.import_app(self.app_uri) 
  File "/home/tahir/official/virtualenvs/test_gunicorn/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 355, in import_app 
    __import__(module) 
ImportError: Import by filename is not supported. 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
  File "/home/tahir/official/virtualenvs/test_gunicorn/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 507, in spawn_worker 
    worker.init_process() 
  File "/home/tahir/official/virtualenvs/test_gunicorn/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 118, in init_process 
    self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi() 
  File "/home/tahir/official/virtualenvs/test_gunicorn/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi 
    self.callable = self.load() 
  File "/home/tahir/official/virtualenvs/test_gunicorn/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 65, in load 
    return self.load_wsgiapp() 
  File "/home/tahir/official/virtualenvs/test_gunicorn/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 52, in load_wsgiapp 
    return util.import_app(self.app_uri) 
  File "/home/tahir/official/virtualenvs/test_gunicorn/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 355, in import_app 
    __import__(module) 
ImportError: Import by filename is not supported. 
[2015-07-13 14:22:33 +0000] [9127] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 9127) 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
  File "/home/tahir/official/virtualenvs/test_gunicorn/bin/gunicorn", line 11, in <module> 
    sys.exit(run()) 
  File "/home/tahir/official/virtualenvs/test_gunicorn/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 74, in run 
    WSGIApplication("%(prog)s [OPTIONS] [APP_MODULE]").run() 
  File "/home/tahir/official/virtualenvs/test_gunicorn/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 189, in run 
    super(Application, self).run() 
  File "/home/tahir/official/virtualenvs/test_gunicorn/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 72, in run 
    Arbiter(self).run() 
  File "/home/tahir/official/virtualenvs/test_gunicorn/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 174, in run 
    self.manage_workers() 
  File "/home/tahir/official/virtualenvs/test_gunicorn/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 477, in manage_workers 
    self.spawn_workers() 
  File "/home/tahir/official/virtualenvs/test_gunicorn/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 541, in spawn_workers 
    time.sleep(0.1 * random.random()) 
  File "/home/tahir/official/virtualenvs/test_gunicorn/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 214, in handle_chld 
    self.reap_workers() 
  File "/home/tahir/official/virtualenvs/test_gunicorn/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 459, in reap_workers 
    raise HaltServer(reason, self.WORKER_BOOT_ERROR) 
gunicorn.errors.HaltServer: <HaltServer 'Worker failed to boot.' 3> 

这是 pip freeze 的输出:

Django==1.8.3 
gunicorn==19.3.0 

我是不是做错了什么，还是 Django 或 gunicorn 有问题？

请您参考如下方法:

错误告诉您您传递的是文件路径而不是 Python 模块路径。你的 gunicorn 调用应该是:

gunicorn test_gunicorn.wsgi:application