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Python:带广播的矩阵向量乘法

2025年05月04日13itcoder

我有一个 numpy 2x2 矩阵定义如下:

a = np.pi/2 
g = np.asarray([[-np.sin(a), -np.cos(a)], 
                [ np.cos(a), -np.sin(a)]]) 

现在,我有二维点的 numpy 数组,我想使用此矩阵对其进行转换。所以我们可以如下模拟一堆(25)个二维点:

p = np.random.rand(25, 2) 

我如何通过广播对所有这 25 个点执行矩阵向量乘法而不是执行 for 循环?

目前,我可以做类似的事情:

for i in range(25): 
    print np.dot(g, p[i]) 

这应该给我另一个形状为 (25, 2) 的二维数组。

没有 for 循环,有没有更优雅的方法?

请您参考如下方法:

我想你想要的是-

np.dot(p,g.T) 

.T是转置一个数组


示例/演示 -

In [1]: import numpy as np 
 
In [2]: a = np.pi/2 
 
In [3]: g = np.asarray([[-np.sin(a), -np.cos(a)], 
   ...:                 [ np.cos(a), -np.sin(a)]]) 
 
In [4]: p = np.random.rand(25, 2) 
 
In [8]: for i in range(25): 
   ...:     print(np.dot(g, p[i])) 
   ...: 
[-0.56997282 -0.70151323] 
[-0.65807814 -0.21773391] 
[-0.533987   -0.53936287] 
[-0.91982277 -0.01423868] 
[-0.96648577 -0.42122831] 
[-0.67169383 -0.94959473] 
[-0.09013282 -0.57637376] 
[-0.03937037 -0.94635173] 
[ -2.59523258e-01  -4.04297667e-05] 
[-0.77029438 -0.67325988] 
[-0.24862373 -0.89806226] 
[-0.91866799 -0.07927881] 
[-0.83540497 -0.33473515] 
[-0.38738641 -0.75406194] 
[-0.07569734 -0.66859275] 
[-0.72707983 -0.21314985] 
[-0.67738699 -0.90763549] 
[-0.96172981 -0.68684667] 
[-0.40152064 -0.14629421] 
[-0.46495457 -0.37456133] 
[-0.97915149 -0.0470546 ] 
[-0.76488223 -0.70756525] 
[-0.21534494 -0.91354898] 
[-0.25035908 -0.37841355] 
[-0.17990176 -0.18436497] 
 
In [10]: np.dot(p,g.T) 
Out[10]: 
array([[ -5.69972820e-01,  -7.01513225e-01], 
       [ -6.58078138e-01,  -2.17733909e-01], 
       [ -5.33987004e-01,  -5.39362872e-01], 
       [ -9.19822767e-01,  -1.42386768e-02], 
       [ -9.66485769e-01,  -4.21228314e-01], 
       [ -6.71693832e-01,  -9.49594730e-01], 
       [ -9.01328234e-02,  -5.76373760e-01], 
       [ -3.93703749e-02,  -9.46351732e-01], 
       [ -2.59523258e-01,  -4.04297667e-05], 
       [ -7.70294378e-01,  -6.73259882e-01], 
       [ -2.48623728e-01,  -8.98062260e-01], 
       [ -9.18667987e-01,  -7.92788080e-02], 
       [ -8.35404971e-01,  -3.34735152e-01], 
       [ -3.87386412e-01,  -7.54061939e-01], 
       [ -7.56973425e-02,  -6.68592746e-01], 
       [ -7.27079833e-01,  -2.13149846e-01], 
       [ -6.77386988e-01,  -9.07635490e-01], 
       [ -9.61729810e-01,  -6.86846673e-01], 
       [ -4.01520636e-01,  -1.46294211e-01], 
       [ -4.64954574e-01,  -3.74561327e-01], 
       [ -9.79151491e-01,  -4.70545953e-02], 
       [ -7.64882230e-01,  -7.07565246e-01], 
       [ -2.15344940e-01,  -9.13548984e-01], 
       [ -2.50359076e-01,  -3.78413552e-01], 
       [ -1.79901758e-01,  -1.84364974e-01]])